University of Thi-Qar Journal for Sciences of Physical Education
The University of Thi-Qar Journal for Sciences of Physical Education (UTJSPE) is a scholarly, Published by University of Thi-Qar / College of Sciences of Physical Education, it is open-access journal, and all content is made freely available to readers upon publication. An anonymous peer review system is used to ensure quality publication. The journal publishes an issue every month of the year and publishes original articles in the fields of sports science. The University of Thi-Qar Journal of Physical Education Sciences is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY) license. We use Turnitin to prevent plagiarism and ensure the originality of the articles submitted to us.
The Effectiveness of the Blended Learning Strategy in Learning the Skills of Combined Attack with the Fencing Weapon for Students
This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of the blended learning strategy in developing the learning of composite attack skills with the shin weapon in the sport of fencing among the students of the third stage at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. The educational program was built based on the Biggs model with its three modes (superficial, deep, and achievementary) due to its role in organizing the learning process and motivating the student. The researcher adopted the experimental method, and pre and post tests were conducted for the control and experimental groups. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, which indicates the effectiveness of the blended learning strategy in improving the performance of complex attack skills. The research concluded that this strategy supports gradual understanding and practical application, and contributes to enhancing student motivation and developing their performance. The researcher recommended the adoption of blended learning in teaching complex skills, and training teaching staff to apply blended learning in practical courses
Copyright (c) 2025 University of Thi-Qar Journal for Sciences of Physical Education https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Digital Sports Managemen t Towards a Theoretical Model for the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Development of the Administrative Performance of Clubs
In light of the accelerating digital transformation, the need to develop sports management using artificial intelligence (AI) tools has become essential due to their ability to analyze data and make accurate and rapid administrative decisions. This research aims to construct a theoretical model to employ AI technologies in enhancing the administrative performance of sports clubs by analyzing related concepts, reviewing key applications and technologies, and proposing a practical model applicable in local environments. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and relied on relevant theoretical literature and previous studies. The research concluded that preparing a digital infrastructure and training administrative staff are fundamental steps for AI application. It also presented a phased implementation model suitable for Arab environments. This research offers a scientific and practical contribution to digital sports management in the era of technological advancement.
The effect of therapeutic massage and rehabilitation exercises in treating chronic neck muscle tension in regular physical exercisers
The importance of this study lies in preparing therapeutic massage and rehabilitation exercises in the treatment of chronic muscle tension of the neck muscles, which depends on scientific and practical research methods. The study was conducted on (8) injured people, whose ages ranged from (19-24) years. The rehabilitation program lasted for (8) weeks, as the research sample was chosen intentionally. They did not undergo any rehabilitation program or previous surgical intervention in the back. The rehabilitation program was applied for (8) weeks, as the research sample was chosen intentionally. The results of the study showed that the use of (therapeutic massage and rehabilitation exercises) was sufficient to improve the study variables and that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of the rehabilitation group in favor of the post-test. The researcher used the experimental method with a (single group) design with a pre- and post-test. Rehabilitation exercises were applied to injured athletes, and there was improvement in the injured, and the duration of the program was sufficient to improve the study variables. The researcher also reached several conclusions, including that rehabilitation exercises have a positive effect on the degree of pain, which reduces the
Bullying and its Motivational Relationship with Achievement among Fourth Stage Students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
The study aimed to identify the level of bullying among students, identify the level of achievement motivation among students. Identify the nature of the relationship between bullying and achievement motivation among students. It dealt with field research procedures, where the researcher used the descriptive method as it is the appropriate approach for the research problem. As for the research sample, it was part of the research community, which consisted of (53) female students from the Faculty of Physical Education at Maysan University, where the sample number was (23) students from the Theoretical Sciences Branch at Maysan University Faculty of Physical Education. The researcher used the SPSS statistical kit to process the raw data of the research sample. As for the conclusions and recommendations, the researcher concluded that there is a significant correlation between the level of bullying and its relationship with achievement motivation, and that bullying has a clear effect on achievement motivation and the extent of its impact on the performance of basic skills. As for the recommendations, the researcher recommended emphasizing the interest, development and study of the causes of bullying, and emphasizing conducting research similar to other skills .
Psychological Compatibility and its Relationship with University Integration among Female Students of the First Stage at Maysan University - Faculty of Physical Education and Mathematical Sciences
research aims to identify the relationship between psychological compatibility and university integration among the research sample. The researcher assumed that there is a significant relationship between psychological compatibility and university integration of the research sample, as it dealt with the field research procedures, where the researcher used the descriptive method as it is the appropriate method for the research problem. As for the research sample, it was part of the research community, which consisted of (53) female students from the Faculty of Physical Education at Maysan University, where the sample number was (23) students from the Theoretical Sciences Branch at Maysan University, Faculty of Physical Education. The researcher used the SPSS statistical kit to process the raw data of the research sample, while the fifth chapter included the most important conclusions and recommendations, as it was proven that there is a significant correlation between psychosocial compatibility and university integration among female students of the first stage - Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences - Maysan University. As for the recommendations, work on activating special departments in the field of psychology to guide students psychologically to ensure their continued performance towards the better.
Administrative Empowerment and its Role in Developing the Physical Education Lesson from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers Hit Education Department
The researcher conducted his current study entitled (Administrative Empowerment and its Role in the Development of the Physical Education Lesson from the Perspective of Physical Education Teachers of the Heet Education Department), which aimed to identify the level of administrative empowerment in the schools affiliated to the Anbar Governorate Education Department, and the extent of its impact on the development of the physical education lesson, and the researcher used the descriptive approach in the analytical method by adopting a scale for administrative empowerment and applying it to a selected sample of the research community, represented by physical education teachers in the directorate and the department The aforementioned aforementioned were 20 teachers, and after the questionnaire was distributed and answered by the examiners, and after conducting the appropriate statistical operations on it.
The difference between lactic acid accumulation in the blood, the time of the appearance of the anaerobic threshold and the number of times of breathing before, after and after the lactic effort contributed to the enduring the special strength of the arms
The purpose of the research was to identify the difference in the accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, the time of the appearance of the anaerobic differential threshold, the number of times to breathe before and after the lactic effort in (200) meters freestyle, and to identify the level of muscular strength tolerance of the arms and the time of achievement of (200) meters of freestyle, and to identify the relationship and contribution of the difference in the level of lactic acid in the blood, the time of the appearance of the anaerobic differential threshold, and the number of times to breathe before and after the lactic effort with the endurance of the force and the time of achievement of (200) meters of freestyle, and the descriptive approach was adopted in the style of Relational studies, on a sample of (28) swimmers from Baghdad Governorate clubs participating in the sports season (2024-2025), the research sample was randomly selected to reach (24) swimmers with a percentage of (85.714%) of their original population, and after determining the measurements and tests under research, the descriptive study was conducted by applying it to the research sample and then processing the results by (SPSS) system The conclusions and applications are that the decrease in the difference in the accumulation of lactic acid in the blood before and after the lactic effort is related to and contributes to the increase in the level of the endurance of the special muscular strength and affects it directly, and it is associated with and contributes to the decrease in the achievement time of (200) meters of freestyle, and does not affect it, and that the increase in the difference in the level of the appearance of the anaerobic difference before and after the lactic effort is related to and contributes to the increase in the level of the endurance of the special muscular strength and is associated with and contributes to the decrease in the completion time of (200) meters of freestyle swimming and affects each of them positively. It is necessary to pay attention to the planning and application of training curricula that take into account the integration of adaptation in the positive effect of both the accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, the time of the appearance of the anaerobic threshold, and the number of breathing times, because of its positive role in increasing.
The Impact of an Electronic Application to Develop the Training Skill of Wrestling Coaches in Wasit Clubs
has taken a large space in all areas of life, and one of these fields is the sports field, especially in the field of sports training, so the exploitation of modern technologies by sports event coaches is very necessary to develop their training skills to serve the achievements they achieve, so the research aims to prepare an electronic program according to artificial intelligence techniques and identify the impact of that program on the training skill of wrestling coaches in Al-Kut Center, and the researcher assumes that there are significant differences in the pre- and post-test of the members of the sample The research community and its sample were identified by the coaches of the wrestling game in the clubs of Al-Kut Center, which are (6) coaches, for six clubs specialized in the game of wrestling, while the survey sample was selected by the researcher (2) coaches, and the researcher conducted homogeneity of the research sample in the variables of age, age and training. After identifying the research variables, the researcher interviewed a number of experts and specialists in the game of wrestling to determine the appropriate test for them. Then the researcher started to conduct an exploratory experiment to identify the obstacles that may occur during the application of the main experiment, and then the researcher conducted the pre-test and after obtaining the results of the test, he began to apply his main experiment for (8) weeks, which included (24) training sessions during the days (Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday). The session time was (45) minutes. After the end of the specified period, the researcher applied the post-test, taking into account the conditions in which the pre-test was conducted. After obtaining the results, the researcher put the results of the tests in the statistical bag to extract the research results. After analyzing and discussing the results, the researcher concluded that the electronic program has an important role in developing the perceptions of coaches regarding training skills, and the electronic program according to artificial intelligence contributed to providing coaches with information related to the field of sports training. The researcher recommends activating the role of electronic technologies in training work, and conducting electronic programs supported by artificial intelligence in other events.
The Effect of Using Physiotherapy and Forward and Backward Spinal Bending Exercises on the Treatment and Rehabilitation of Some Back Injuries from Swimmers
Modern sports medicine and therapeutic physical education mainly aim to prevent injuries and seek to reduce their incidence to the lowest possible level due to the increase in sports injuries. Despite the great developments that have included most aspects of life, especially in the medical fields, many interested people believe that these transformations are related to the employment of modern technologies and the change in human lifestyle, especially in the field of sports, where we have recently noticed the lack of movement of athletes for long periods without adhering to the right methods, taking into account the health and motor state of the body, and this exposes the athlete to a great risk of injury. Pushing those interested and experts in this field to equip modern rehabilitation methods suitable for the body. The use of water and ice in the treatment of injuries is one of the first methods used in the past because of its good effectiveness and zero cost, and with the development of the years, some various rehabilitation exercises suitable for all parts of the body have been used, and the purpose of which is to increase the ability of treatment and rehabilitation. In the past years, some physiotherapy devices and methods have been used. There is a great development in the aspect of training and sports development, and there is also an increase in the level of training ability, as well as there is an increase in the high rates of injuries for the sports side, with a great development in modern science, and injuries have many causes, some of which are mild and need only natural treatment, and musculoskeletal injuries are considered to be very common and occur among athletes, and this is due to the fact that muscles and bones are the main tool implementing the requirements of sports performance, as it is one of the basic factors in human movement. An injury that has not been diagnosed in time may cause a long recovery period. The sports exercises used to rehabilitate and treat back and joint pain for swimmers have varied.
The Relationship between Intelligence and Sensory-Motor Cognition and Motor Development in Second Grade Primary School Students Aged (7-8) Years
1- To find out the relationship between intelligence and sensory motor perception among second-grade primary school students aged (7-8) years. 2- Knowing the relationship between intelligence and motor development among the second grade primary school students at the age of (7-8) years. The researcher used the descriptive method of survey to suit the nature of the research, and the research sample included (25) second-grade primary school students from the First Competencies School for Girls, aged (7-8) years in Nineveh Governorate for the academic year 2024-2025, and the IQ test of (Goodanff-Harris) and the modified Haywood test were used to measure sensory perception and the motor growth scale as research tools. As for the statistical methods used, they are arithmetic mean, standard deviation, simple correlation coefficient (Pearson). The following conclusions were reached: 1- The emergence of a significant correlation between intelligence and motor perception (visual perception, total and partial perception, recognition of body parts, distinction between right and left body parts, location identification). 2- There is no significant correlation between intelligence and motor balance. 3- The emergence of a significant correlation between intelligence and motor development tests (soft ball throwing, running 20 m, partridge on the right leg, partridge on the left leg, long jump from stability). The researcher recommended the following: The necessity of paying attention to the physical education curricula because of its interest in educating young people in a proper physical education. Reconsidering the games for motor balance and providing the necessary aids to develop the quality of balance in female students aged (7-8) years. Conducting other studies and researches targeting different age groups and different variables from the current research variables.
Classroom Management Skills in the Light of Some Variables for Physical Education Teachers in Nineveh Governorate Center
The purpose of the research was to identify the degree of practice of physical education teachers in secondary schools, Nineveh Governorate Center for Classroom Administrative Skills, with its dimensions from the teachers' point of view. Identifying the differences between the responses of the study sample about the degree of practicing classroom administrative skills according to the variables of the scientific certificate, the number of development courses participated in, and the length of service in teaching.To achieve the two research objectives, the researchers used the Classroom Management Skills Practice Questionnaire prepared by (Al-Taani, 2011), where the questionnaire consisted of (56) items distributed over six dimensions (classroom activities and classroom interaction, behavior management, school instructions and systems, classroom management planning, motivation and performance evaluation, and educational counseling), and then verified its apparent truthfulness. The research sample included 53 physical education teachers in secondary schools in the center of Nineveh Governorate.In the statistical processing of the data, the favorable ratio, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, andthe alpha coefficient of one-way variance analysis, and the test of the least significant difference (L.S.D) using the statistical software SPSS were used in the data analysis. The researchers concluded that the degree of physical education teachers' practice in secondary schools in the center of Nineveh province for classroom administrative skills in its dimensions was very high. The answers of the groups of physical education teachers in secondary schools according to the scientific certificate variable, and the existence of significant differences between the answers of the groups of physical education teachers in secondary schools according to the variable of the development courses in which they participated according to the length of service in teaching.
The Degree of Emotional Intelligence of Handball Coaches in Sports Clubs and Institutions in Basra Governorate from the Perspective of Their Players
This study aimed to identify the degree of emotional intelligence among handball coaches in sports clubs and institutions in Basra Governorate from the point of view of their players, and a random sample consisting of (81) players was selected, and the questionnaire of the Modified Emotional Intelligence Scale of Samia Saber (2011) consisting of (15) items was distributed, and the study concluded that the degree of emotional intelligence of coaches came to a high degree relative to the level of the scale as a whole, and the study showed that there are statistically significant differences in the responses of the coaches The members of the study sample are attributed to the variable of years of training experience, and the researcher recommended the need to hold workshops and trainings for handball coaches in sports clubs and institutions in Basra Governorate on the different training situations in the cases of play or training in order to increase the identification of the different areas of emotional intelligence.
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The Impact of Wearables in Recovery from Repetitive Shoulder Dislocation Injury in Athletes
The aim of this study was to identify the effect of the use of inertial measurement units (IMU) on improving the functional recovery of the shoulder joint in athletes with recurrent shoulder dislocation. The experimental method was used in the method of pre-dimensional measurement, as it applied a structured and supported therapeutic rehabilitation program supported by IMU units, which were used to monitor the motor variables of the shoulder joint, represented by the range of motion (flexion, distancing, and extension) during the different stages of rehabilitation.The results of the statistical analysis showed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements and in favor of the telemetry in all variables of the range of motion, which indicates the effectiveness of the rehabilitation program used and supported by wearable technologies in improving the functional efficiency of the shoulder joint. This improvement is due to the role of IMUs in providing real-time and accurate motor feedback, which has contributed to correcting motor errors, improving neuromuscular control, and controlling the rehabilitative load within safe limits. The study concludes that the integration of wearable devices into recurrent shoulder dislocation rehabilitation programs is an advanced scientific method that contributes to accelerating functional recovery and reducing the likelihood of recurrence of the injury, and it is recommended to adopt these techniques in rehabilitation and sports physiotherapy centers.
The Effect of a Challenge-Based Training Program Using Electronic Messaging Applications on the Development of Some Muscular Abilities of Students of the Department of Physical Education
The research aims to study the effect of a challenge-based training program using electronic messaging applications on the development of some muscular abilities (arms, abdomen, legs) among first-stage students in the Department of Physical Education/Faculty of Education – Shaqlawa at Salah Al-Din University. The researchers adopted the experimental method by designing two equal groups (experimental and control) with (24) students randomly selected from a population of (28) students. The experimental group underwent a 30-day training program through the (Telegram) application based on the principle of challenge and group competition with direct follow-up from the teacher, while the control group performed the same exercises individually without an electronic challenge. Basic exercises included (push-ups, abdominal exercises, and back squats), and pre and post tests were used to measure the improvement in muscular abilities. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the post-tests in both groups, with a clear superiority for the experimental group, which indicates that the use of the challenge through electronic messaging applications enhances commitment and motivation and achieves better results in developing muscular abilities compared to the traditional method. The study concluded that the integration of modern technology in physical training represents an effective method to motivate students and raise their fitness level, and recommended the need to adopt challenge-based e-training programs in physical education colleges and departments.
The Effect of Multi-Level Adaptive Training on Some Special Physical Traits and the Achievement of the 100-Meter Freestyle
This research came to identify the effectiveness of multi-level adaptive training as one of the modern methods in developing special physical characteristics and improving the achievement of the 100-meter race. This type of training is based on the principle of gradation in intensity, size and adaptation to the player's individual abilities, so that the training modules are distributed in a way that allows the load to gradually increase according to multiple levels, taking into account the physical response of each player, the researcher relied on the experimental method by applying a training program to a sample of swimmers, and for a specific period of time ranging between (4-6) weeks. The training program included various units that targeted the physical characteristics of the 100-meter race, the results showed that there were significant differences in favor of the group that was trained according to the multi-level adaptive training method, where a remarkable development was achieved in: Improve special physical qualities associated with speed and strength. Reduce the completion time of the 100m race better compared to the control group. The researcher concluded: Multi-level adaptive training is an effective method for developing the physical characteristics of short-distance athletes, and it is recommended to adopt the multi-level adaptive training method within the training programs of juniors and youth.
Teaching according to active learning and its effect on learning some offensive skills in the game of volleyball
Volleyball is considered one of the team sports that requires coordination between players and skills, including offensive skills, which start with sending , meaning that the serve kick is one of the most important offensive strikes used by female players during playing, as its performance is independent and not related to a female player, that is, the player takes enough time to prepare herself to hit the ball, as well as the skill of crushing hitting is of great importance in the success of the team and the enjoyment of those present, as the crushing strike has an effect on arousing the enthusiasm of the viewers forIt is full of excitement and crucial in gaining guaranteed points if its performance is correct and that improving offensive performance in volleyball requires continuous training and that the teaching process is a continuous series in the relationships that arise between the teacher and the learner and that these relationships that develop as an individual or participant in an activity or event as well as the skill of the barrier wall require physical and skill qualities and is considered one of the offensive skills in the game of volleyball, and active learning is an attempt to cut with indoctrination and memorization. Traditional methods are general, where the teacher provides knowledge and the learners are content with listening, and in it, the role of the learner is from negative to positive, after he is a passive listener, he turns into an active participant with his thought, mind, and abilities with his colleagues and his abilities with his colleagues in reaching and processing information, and the role of the teacher in active learning is the guide, guide, and stimulator of the learning process, he creates a good educational atmosphere in leading the lesson. Concepts. Here, the importance of the research lies in improving the offensive performance of female volleyball players through the use of the active learning method that contributes to motivating learners to actively participate in the learning process, and the research problem lies in the fact that many traditional teaching methods in physical education focus on theoretical or iterative methods of teaching motor skills without sufficient interest for the interaction by the players in active learning and participation in the educational process, so female teachers face difficulty in developing skills. The study aims to identify some offensive skills in the game of volleyball for the experimental and control groups for the pre- and post-tests, in addition to identifying the effect of active learning on improving some offensive skills of female volleyball players, as well as the research community was selected in a deliberate way, where the sample included all the research population, represented by average female players. Al-Jasmine Girls Volleyball Club, which number (40) if we exclude the players who participated in the exploratory experiment
Cognitive dissonance represents a state of anxiety that arises when two or more ideas conflict in an individual, which leads to a state of contradiction between them, and the person may hold two opposing ideas, and this contradiction provokes a feeling of anxiety that prompts the individual to try to reduce this feeling by addressing the dissonance between his thoughts and knowledge, and this is achieved by reducing the stress and anxiety resulting from this conflict. Through the practical vision of female researchers as teachers, this phenomenon has been seen and spread widely among female students, and accordingly, this case has been studied and identified through the conflict resulting from the conflict of traditional values (such as family commitments) with modern requirements (such as socially unacceptable sports activities), which generates a cognitive dissonance that affects the ability of female students to make effective and consistent decisions with their goals. Thus, the researchers identified the research problem with some questions: Is there a state of cognitive dissonance among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Baghdad? Do female students of the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences have the ability to make decisions rationally? The research aimed to identify the values of cognitive dissonance among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences for Girls / University of Baghdad, and to identify the values of decision-making among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences for Girls / University of Baghdad, and to identify the relationship between cognitive dissonance and decision-making among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences for Girls / University of Baghdad. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the method of relational relationships appropriate to the nature of the problem. The research population was identified with the female students of the fourth stage at the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences for Girls - University of Baghdad, and the research sample was selected by random method and by lottery method, which numbered (55 students) out of (60) female students.
Motor Intelligence and its Relationship to the Performance of Football Goalkeepers
There is no doubt that intelligence plays a fundamental and important role for goalkeepers in football in the implementation of the game plans and duties assigned to them, which require them to possess the skill performanceand high accuracy to apply them and continue them throughout the match. Through the researcher's modest experience and her follow-up of goalkeepers in the field teams, his familiarity with researches and studies, and his follow-up of the league matches The first degree, the researcher witnessed the fact that practicing the game is a weakness in the goalkeepers in football at a level of motor intelligence, which affected their level of performance, so the researcher decided to study this problem and develop appropriate solutions to it in order to help coaches and goalkeepers in football by studying the relationship between the level of motor intelligence and its relationship with the performance of football goalkeepers. The research aimed to identify the level of Motor intelligence and its relationship to the performance of football goalkeepers, as well as to identify the relationship between motor intelligence and its relationship to the performance of football goalkeepers. The researcher hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between motor intelligence and its relationship with the performance of football goalkeepers. The researcher has used the descriptive method in the survey method and relational studies, which means (knowledge of the correlation of variables or knowledge of the extent to which variables in one factor are consistent with variables in another). (Al-Saadawi et al The research sample was a group of goalkeepers for the first division (2024-2025), which numbered (12 goalkeepers) for her research, where when the researcher seeks to achieve a specific goal or purpose of a study, he selects the sample members in a way that serves and achieves this purpose or goal. By random method and by lottery method, the sample of football goalkeepers for clubs (Al-Methaq Club - Al-Adl Youth Club - Electrical Industries Club - Tourism Club) for the first class for the season (2024-2025) was determined (12 goalkeepers), which is the part that represents the community of origin or model on which the researcher conducts his entire work and focuses on it so that In a deliberate way, guards were selected from the research sample to carry out the exploratory experiment (4 guards from the Tourism Club), while the research tools were represented by the means of collecting information, where the researcher used the following scientific means to collect information (Arabic sources and references, personal interviews, observation numbers, motor intelligence scale, tests for goalkeepers in football)
Leadership behavior of directors of national centers for sports talent care in Diyala Governorate from the perspective of their employees
Identifying the leadership behavior of managers of National Centers for the Care of Sports Talent in Diyala Governorate from the perspective of their employees. The research sample consisted of 68 employees. The research relied on a descriptive approach using a survey method to suit the nature of the problem. To achieve this, a questionnaire was initially designed for this purpose, consisting of (25) items, each with a weighted scale on a three-dimensional Likert scale to assess leadership behavior. Scientific principles were used. After obtaining and discussing the results, the researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that the leadership behavior of center managers plays an excellent role in the success of the administrative process and raising the level of employees.
The Impact of Employing Artificial Intelligence Technologies on the Quality of Administrative Decisions of Sports Clubs Participating in the Elite Football League
The study aimed to identify the areas of use of artificial intelligence in sports management within the elite league clubs. Measuring the impact of the application of artificial intelligence technologies on the quality elements of administrative decisions such as accuracy, speed, and efficiency. Analyze the role of artificial intelligence in improving planning, organization, and control processes within sports clubs.The most prominent challenges facing the clubs in the adoption and application of artificial intelligence technologies were: the human domain: members of the administrative bodies of the sports clubs of the elite league in Iraq and the temporal domain: 7/3/2025 to 20/7/2025 and the spatial field: the headquarters of the sports clubs participating in the elite football league for the season 2023-2024. The current research population was identified from the members of the sports federations of the Iraqi football clubs for the 2023/2024 football season, representing (20) clubs and the The research population was identified from the members of the administrative bodies of the sports clubs of the Elite Football League in Iraq, and the number of members of the administrative bodies reached (166) with a percentage of (100%) distributed among the sports clubs of the Elite Football League and the participants in the league for the season 2023/2024, according to the available statistics. The researcher adopted a percentage of (100%) and the method of comprehensive inventory of the research sample, and (166) members of the administrative bodies of the sports clubs of the Elite Football League in Iraq, which are (20) clubs, were approved by the researcher recommended the development of infrastructure: Clubs should prioritize investing in a strong digital infrastructure, including fast and reliable networks, and advanced data storage systems. This structure is the basis that allows the effective application of artificial intelligence technologies. Empowering human resources: Management should provide continuous training and qualification programs for all employees, from managers to trainers, to increase their knowledge and skills in using and interpreting the outputs of smart tools. This investment in the human element ensures the maximum use of technology and the adoption of a culture of data-driven decision-making with data as the primary source: Management must establish a culture of reliance on factual data and data in all decision-making processes, whether they are related to the sports aspect (such as analyzing the performance of players) or the administrative aspect (such as financial planning).
The Relationship Between Cardiac Electrical Responses (ECG) and Maximal Voluntary Contraction After Full Wrestling Match Performance in Wrestlers
Background: Wrestling is an intense exercise requiring significant demand on both cardiovascular and neuromuscular systems. Therefore, understanding how wrestling performance affects heart rate (ECG) and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), as well as recovery of these systems post-match, is paramount to optimizing training loads and recovery protocols. Procedures: Six male wrestlers took to take part in the study. HR and MVC were assessed before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after the match. The heart rate was recorded with a 12-lead electrocardiograph and the MVC for both upper and lower limbs using a dynamometer hand-held. The data at each timepoint were compared using paired t-tests. Results: In the post-match time period, significant increases were observed in heart rate (from 72.5 ± 2.6 bpm to 160 ± 7.4 bpm), returning to baseline recordings within 30 min of rest (92.5 ±4.2 bpm). MVC fell from pre match 153.3 ± 9.8 Nm to post-match 126.7 ± 8.9 Nm and returned partially to 141.7 ± 10.5 Nm at minute +30 of rest) These changes are statistically significant, it is clear that wrestling takes a heavy toll on the body in terms of physical effort. Conclusion: A male competitive wrestler has a unique combination of cardiovascular and neuromuscular stress during matches. These can be rest and hydration, etc. that will help you to get recovered soon and perform better next time.
The Effect of a Proposed Instructional Design According to Keegan's Structures Strategy on Learning Some Basic Skills in Artistic Gymnastics
The present research aimed to identify the design of a proposed educational program according to the strategy of Keegan's structures in learning some basic skills in artistic gymnastics, as well as to show the importance of the impact of the proposed educational program.The research problem was that there is a clear omission of methods that are based on the role of the learner and effective participation in the educational process, and through the experience of the researchers, they noticed a lack of interest in using the educational methods used to learn some basic skills in artistic gymnastics. The research sample included the players of the junior gymnastics team aged (11-13) years, who numbered (14) players , and they were divided into two experimental groups Each group was controlled by (7) players, and the experimental method was used, and the researchers applied the proposed instructional design according to the strategy of Keegan's structures to the experimental group, and through the results, the researchers concluded that the proposed instructional design has a positive effect with statistical significance in learning some basic skills in artistic gymnastics. The need to emphasize the dissemination of the results of the current research in order to benefit from it in the preparation of educational programs and other events.
The Impact of Digital Sports Media on the Development of Sports Tourism from the Perspective of Sports Federations Workers
This research aims to analyze the impact of digital sports media on the development of sports tourism from the point of view of employees in sports federations. The research problem stems from the field observation of the weakness of the use of digital media in the promotion of sports tourism events and places, despite the wide spread of modern technologies and social media, which calls for studying the level of this impact and identifying the shortcomings and available capabilities. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and data were collected through a questionnaire applied to a sample of (152) employees in the federations Sports. The results showed that digital sports media represents an effective tool in promoting tourist places and events through websites and smart applications that promote sports tourism awareness. It has also been shown that direct digital media is more effective than traditional means of presenting tourism activities, and that digital media contributes to improving coordination between sports and tourism entities and increasing the number of visitors and participants. The findings indicated that there are constraints related to weak technological infrastructure and lack of training in digital media. The research recommended the development of the digital infrastructure of sports federations, training cadres on digital sports media skills, and strengthening the partnership between the sports and tourism sectors through digital media to achieve sustainable development in sports tourism.
Analysis of the Reality of the Use of Electronic Systems in the Management of Sports Activities in the Departments of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports
The purpose of the research was to prepare a special questionnaire for the use of electronic systems in the management of sports activities within the departments of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. Analyzing the responses of the sample of administrators and workers on the reality of the use of electronic systems in the management of sports activities within the departments of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. Measuring the impact of electronic systems on improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the management of sports activities, and the research areas were administrative and employees of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. On 7/7/2025 until 5/10/2520. In the departments of the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports. The researcher determined the population of her research by taking all the (10) departments affiliated to the Iraqi Ministry of Youth and Sports, where the sample includes (632) employees and administrators who continue to work, where the researcher took (50%) who were selected by simple random method by lottery, and the research sample consisted of (316) where the researcher divided the sample into (3) main samples, as in Table (1), where the exploratory experiment consisted of (10) employees and administrators, while a sample The numbers consisted of (140) employees and administrators and the rest of the research sample amounting to (166) was selected to be the application sample as shown in the following table and the percentages of each sample. She recommended that the Ministry of Youth and Sports should invest in the development of technological infrastructure, especially in remote areas. Providing intensive training programs for sports and administrative cadres on how to use electronic systems in the best way. Encouraging sports departments to work on adapting to the advanced electronic systems and abandoning the old methods that stand in the way. It is important to conduct periodic evaluation studies to measure the effectiveness of the electronic systems used in the departments of the Ministry of Youth and Sports.
The Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interactive Training in Developing Muscle Ability and Offensive Performance in Taekwondo Players for Youth
This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of high-intensity interactive training as a specialized training approach in developing two vital aspects in young taekwondo players (14-16 years old), where the research focuses on muscular ability, which includes explosive power, the ability to repeat maximum efforts, and anaerobic endurance, in addition to specific offensive performance in the sport of taekwondo, such as the speed and effectiveness of blows and kicks, the ability to launch consecutive attacks, and the accuracy of performance under pressure. The research proceeds from the hypothesis that the nature of high-intensity interactive training, which is characterized by short and intense work periods followed by short incomplete breaks, simulates the physiological and dynamic requirements of taekwondo matches that require repeated bursts of strength and speed, since the youth group (14-16 years) is characterized by greater physiological maturity and a higher ability to adapt to intense training loads compared to younger age groups, the application of this type of training is expected to lead to advances remarkable in their specific physical abilities, which in turn will reflect positively on their ability to implement offensive techniques more effectively and more consistently during competitions, and the research includes one experimental group subject to a high-intensity interactive training program, pre and post measurements of muscular ability and offensive performance will be made using reliable and specific tests and measures for the sport of taekwondo, in order to evaluate the changes that occur after the implementation of the training program. The most important expected conclusions, a remarkable development in muscular ability and also a positive development in offensive performance, training efficiency: The research will show that high-intensity interactive training is considered an effective and time-efficient training method, which allows to achieve important training gains in a relatively short period of time, and the most important recommendations are: It is recommended that scientifically designed interactive high-intensity training programs be incorporated into the training plans of young taekwondo players, to enhance their specific physical abilities and offensive performance.
Democratic Leadership and its Relationship with Strategic Capabilities in the Sports Talent Welfare Departments in the Central and Southern Regions from the Perspective of Employees
The study aimed to prepare the scales of democratic leadership style and strategic capabilities, to know the democratic leadership style and strategic capabilities, and to know the relationship between democratic leadership style and strategic capabilities. The research problem was in trying to answer the question of what is the relationship between the democratic leadership style and its relationship with strategic capabilities in the sports talent care departments in the central and southern regions from the point of view of the workers, the two researchers used the descriptive method with the survey method and relational relationships, and the research community included the workers in the sports talent care departments, which are (130) and the sample was divided into three (the survey sample, the statistical analysis sample, and the application sample) and the scientific foundations of the two scales were extracted and the scale was applied to The two researchers concluded that the democratic leadership style is the style that the leader practices and follows in the organization, which enables him to lead the group in a certain formula in order to reach the set goals, and the researchers recommended that the talent nurturing departments give a greater opportunity for managers to communicate with managers in other departments for the purpose of exchanging experiences and skills among themselves.
The Role of a Rehabilitation Program in Some Biological Compounds for Patients with Low Back Pain for Female Athletes in Baghdad Clubs
Lower back pain is one of the common injuries among athletes in various sports, ages and type of competition, it is common to occur during both training and competition, and affects their performance and abilities and hinders their progress in their training curricula and competitive plans, and sports injuries in general are a nightmare that haunts the dreams of players and coaches. The research aims to identify the effect of rehabilitation programs on relieving low back pain for female athletes, the researcher relied on data collected from scientific tests to measure muscle strength, low back pain and measure the level of Some biological compounds such as endorphins and encaphalines, which are biological compounds that have analgesic properties for a sample of (8) female athletes distributed over three sports, namely volleyball, handball, and athletics, the results indicated the positive effect of the rehabilitation programs that the athletes underwent in improving muscle strength and reducing the level of pain in the early stages of rehabilitation.
The Effect of Strength Training on the Level of Handstand Performance on the Junior Floor Movement Mat
The importance of the research lies in the preparation of strength exercises (explosive strength of the arms – force characterized by speed for the legs) and the effect of these exercises on the skill level of the player in the movement of standing on the hands on the floor movement of the juniors and thus improving the general skill level of the player, because the sport of gymnastics requires a great deal of strength and the movement of standing on the hands is a basic base for many movements on other devices. Thus, it is possible to achieve a scientific benefit for the coaches and to the specialized centers of gymnastics as well as the sub-federations in the game of gymnastics. The purpose of the research was to identify the effect of strength training on the level of handstand performance on the floor movement mat device for juniors. The researcher reached a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: An improvement in both the explosive power of the arms and the characteristic speed of the legs directly affects the improvement of the posture of the hands.
The Effectiveness of Communication Skills among Teachers of the Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences from the Students' Perspective and its Relationship with Their Psychological Satisfaction
The Impact of the Format Model on the Achievement of Volleyball Law for Students of the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Hamdaniya University
The Effect of Blended Learning Strategy Using StoryLine3on Learning the Skill of Receiving Transmission in Volleyball for Students
The speed of motor reaction and its relationship to the starting stage of the 200-meter running event for female students
The 200-meter sprint is one of the short sprint events that rely heavily on special physical abilities, especially in the starting and starting stages, as this stage is considered one of the most important stages affecting the overall performance of the race, due to its direct impact on the final time of the student. A critical factor in the success of initiation is the speed of the motor reaction, which reflects the efficiency of the neuromuscular system in responding quickly to stimuli. Based on the importance of this variable, the research aimed to study the relationship between motor reaction speed and the start time in the female 200-meter event, in order to determine the extent to which the response speed affects the improvement of the start of the runners, which contributes to the development of competitive performance and results in short races. The researcher used the descriptive method in the method of relational relations, as it is the most suitable to achieve the objectives of the study. The research sample consisted of (30) female students of the first stage at the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences – Baghdad University for Girls for the academic year (2024-2025), and they were selected by simple random method. The research concluded that motor reaction speed is one of the important indicators that affect the quality of performance in the starting stage, and therefore it is one of the determining factors for success in the 200-meter race. Accordingly, the researcher recommends the need to focus on training to improve reaction speed within the training curriculum for female students, especially in short sprint events, in addition to integrating modern technical tests in performance analysis and making the most of individual abilities.
The Effectiveness of a Blended Learning Curriculum in Learning Some Basic Skills in Gymnastics for Female Students
The research aims to identify the effectiveness of an educational approach with blended learning in learning some basic skills in gymnastics for female students of the third stage - Faculty of Physical Education - University of Al-Qadisiyah.The researcher used the experimental method to adapt the nature of the research and the research sample was divided into two groups of (20) students representing the control group and (20) students representing the experimental group, and the following results were reached: The experimental group that used blended learning was superior to the control group, which indicates its effectiveness in learning gymnastics skills for female students.
The Effect of Cooperative Learning and Inclusion Styles on the Development of Some Basic Motor Skills in Football
This research aims to identify the impact of cooperative learning and embedded learning on the development of some basic motor skills in soccer players. The experimental method was adopted to suit the nature of the research, where a sample of students or players in the age group (determined by the researcher) was selected and divided into two experimental groups, one of which was trained using the cooperative learning method, and the other was using the inclusion method. A set of skill tests that measure the performance of basic motor skills such as passing, ball control, and shooting were applied, and pre- and post-measurements were performed to analyze the extent of development in the sample's performance. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of both groups, in favor of the telemetry, which indicates the effectiveness of both methods in developing skills. The results also showed that the cooperative learning method was more effective in improving some skills that depend on group interaction and communication between players, while the inclusion method was prominent in the development of individual performance and fine skills. The research concludes the importance of diversification in the use of motor teaching methods in proportion to the nature of the skills to be learned, and the researcher recommends integrating the two methods in training programs to achieve the best educational and developmental results.
An Analytical Study of Performance Intelligence Levels of Volleyball Players of Determination
Building and Implementing the Performance Intelligence Scale for Volleyball Players of Determination Creating standards and levels of performance intelligence among volleyball players of determination Identifying the reality of performance intelligence among volleyball players of determination Identifying the Performance Intelligence Levels of Volleyball Players with Determination Research Sample : Volleyball players of determination, which number (66) players representing (8) sports clubs. The most important conclusions: A player with high performance intelligence is reflected in his performance in matches and training weekends is more positive. Recommendations: Adopting the current scale designed by the researcher to reveal the level of performance intelligence among volleyball players (people of determination)
The Effect of a Training Program for the Development of Anaerobic Muscle (Phosphagenic) Ability on the Electrical Activity of Twin Legs and Rectus Femoris Muscles in Football Pentathlon Under 23 Years of Age.
This research included the introduction and the importance of the research, in which the researcher addressed the need to study and understand the changes that occur within the muscle fibers during physical exertion so that we can codify training programs for muscle strength on the correct scientific foundations, using modern devices and equipment such as the electromuscular angus (EMG) Bluetooth device to monitor the work of the muscles and that the research problem The lack of reliance of local training cadres lies in the use of modern devices, including the Bluetooth electromyography (EMG) device to monitor the work of muscles.The purpose of the research was to find out the changes in the electrical activity of the rectus femoris and twin muscles of the sac on the effect of a training curriculum to developanaerobic muscular ability.The research sample consisted of (20) trainees, and the researcher used the experimental method and the design of one experimental group with the pre- and post-tests, and the researcher used the Sargent test (vertical jump from stability) during the recording of electrical activity before and after the prepared training curriculum. By analyzing the results statistically, there was a change in the form and nature of electrical activity between the pre- and post-tests that can be used in developing and codifying programs and curricula for anaerobic muscular power training.
Self-efficacy and its relationship with the performance of handball and shooting skills among young handball players
The research objective was to identify self-efficacy and its relationship withperformance with the skills of tapping and shooting in handball, and the descriptive approach was used as it is the most appropriate approach to address the research problem, and the research sample was selected by the deliberate method, which are the young players of Al-Karkh Sports Club, which are (18) players, as the percentage of the research sample reached 100% of the original population, and the researchers concluded that the results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between self-efficacy and the performance of the knocking skill among the players There is a moral correlation between self-efficacy and shooting skill, which means that the player who possesses a positive self-image is more able to make the appropriate decision and carry out the shooting accurately in realistic play situations, and self-efficacy is an important psychological indicator in evaluating the psychological readiness of the player, and contributes effectively to enhancing self-confidence and organization Researchers recommend the need to include psychological training programs aimed at enhancing self-efficacy in the training plans of young players, as they have a direct impact on improving skill performance, and encouraging coaches to use methods to enhance self-confidence and positive feedback to strengthen the player's sense of ability to achieve and succeed in performing difficult skills, and to prepare periodic psychological tests to measure the level of self-efficacy in players, and to follow up on their development in parallel with training Skill and Physicality.
The Effect of an Educational Curriculum in the Style of Planning Approaches in Learning Some Basic Handball Skills"
The game of handball has started to keep pace with development and progress, as it has witnessed many changes in learning and training methods in various aspects, especially the changes in the teams' playing styles" in terms of applying defensive and offensive plans in order to surprise the opponent, and the problem was the weak link between "defensive skill performance and tactical performance", and there is a big difference in the performance of skills separately and their performance during play. This indicates a major problem, which is the isolation between learning skills and performing them during play situations." "The research aimed to prepare an educational curriculum in the style of planning approaches in learning some basic handball skills for the Specialized Talent Center in Muthanna". "Also, identifying the impact of the educational curriculum in the style of planning approaches in learning some basic handball skills for the Specialized Talent Center in Muthanna". The researcher then used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research, "as this method is the best that can be used to reach accurate results". "The research population was identified from the players of the Specialized Talent Center in Al-Muthanna in handball, which are (20) players. "The research sample of (16) players from the population of origin was selected by random sampling", "The sample of the exploratory experiment was excluded"."After that, pre- and post-tests were performed and the data were processed statistically using SPSS."
Sports Injury in the Context of FMS Functional Movement Examination in Players Youth Football
In the introduction, the researcher touched on the importance of this research in identifying areas of dysfunction in the body by testing the FMS in football players as a direct indicator in knowing the damage that may occur in the future in the players, which contributes to preventing or reducing the injury that occurs in players, especially young football players, because sometimes the injured player does not provide accurate or correct information about his injury by the method of interrogation only for fear of exclusion from the formation of the team. This has negative effects on the team in general and on the player in particular, and this is reflected in the method of treatment and the exacerbation of the severity of the injury, as for the research problem, football is one of the team games that is characterized by the element of speed and strength at the same time , and despite the progress made in the field of sports medicine and methods of diagnosis and treatment, the problems of multiple injuries in athletes in general and football players in particular still constitute a very large percentage, and this is what The researcher found it in some youth clubs in Dhi Qar Governorate, and through the researcher's observation of the frequency of injuries in young football players and different areas of the body, in addition to the lack of interest of researchers in the aspects of prevention, she decided to study them in order to prevent and reduce their occurrence in the future using the functional movement test (FMS) for the early detection of areas of dysfunction in some areas of the body. Identifying the areas of dysfunction using FMS among young football players from the areas of dyslexia, where the researcher used the descriptive method to suit it for the study, as for the research sample for the players of Dhi Qar clubs for the youth football players category for the sports season 2025-2026, the research population was (64) players and its sample was (18) players, the researcher reached the possibility of identifying sports injury through the FMS device.
The Effect of Aerobic Exercises to Develop Pulmonary Capacity Efficiency and Skill Performance for 100m Running
The research aims to investigate the extent to which aerobic exercise affects the development of lung capacity of 100m runners for students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Mesopotamia University, which in turn improves the efficiency of lung capacity in 100-meter runners, as it increases the volume of air that the lungs can absorb and their ability to use oxygen more efficiently by increasing lung capacity, such as jogging, making the lungs work harder to increase oxygen consumption, which leads to the expansion of the lungs and an increase The volume of air that you can absorb, and this is known as increasing lung capacity, and the research problem is that some coaches for the young category have been interested in aerobic exercises for players, and the researcher used the experimental method of nature to suit the problem, and using the statistical bag to process the data, and the study concluded that aerobic exercises improve the use of oxygen and help the body use oxygen more efficiently, which means that the lungs get more oxygen from each breath and get rid of carbon dioxide more efficiently and strengthen the respiratory muscles. Aerobic exercises strengthen the muscles that help in the breathing process, such as the diaphragm muscles and the muscles between the ribs, which enables the athlete to breathe deeper and more efficiently, improving endurance, increasing lung capacity, and improving oxygen use, leading to an improvement in the athlete's endurance ability and increased performance in running races.
he Effect of Hot Weather on the Level of Blood PH – Lactic Acid and the Performance of Some Offensive Skills in Basketball among Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training in hot and dry (45°C) compared to cold and moderate climates (19°C) on the level of blood pH and lactic acid concentration, and the performance of some offensive skills (peaceful shooting, high patting, chest handling) in basketball players. The researcher used the experimental method by designing the pre- and post-measurement for a sample of 30 students from the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements of all variables. In hot weather, the blood pH level decreased significantly while the concentration of lactic acid increased significantly and skill performance was negatively affected, as the accuracy of peaceful aiming decreased, and the performance time of both the high typing test and the pectoral pass increased. These results are attributed to the increased reliance on the anaerobic system to produce energy under heat stress, resulting in the accumulation of hydrogen and lactic acid ions, causing a state of metabolic acid. This, in turn, negatively affects muscular function, neuromuscular coordination, and mental concentration, and the study reached several conclusions, including that the application of practical lessons in basketball in hot and dry climates leads to heat stress, especially without sufficient hydration, and thus the high level of lactic acid, as the researcher recommended important recommendations based on the results of the research, including working to provide air-conditioned or shaded indoor halls for practical lessons during peak times of heat.
Rehabilitation of Intermediate Tear of the Hind Femoral Muscle, Range of Motion and Muscular Strength of the Knee Joint for Football Players in Basra Governorate
Its importance is highlighted in the preparation and application of a rehabilitation approach for the posterior femoral muscle tear and to know the extent of the injury on the range of motion and muscular strength of the knee joint, and as for the research problem, the researcher began to choose the injury of moderate and acute tear of the posterior femoral muscle due to the many injuries that players face in general in football fields, and for this reason, he prepared and applied a rehabilitation method that works to rehabilitate posterior femoral muscle tears, while the research aims to prepare a proposed rehabilitation method. In order to treat the tear of the posterior femoral muscle and to know the extent of the effect of the method on the range of motion and muscular strength of the knee, as for the research hypotheses, the researcher assumes that the rehabilitation method has a positive effect on the treatment of the injury under study, while the research fields are the human field are football players with posterior femoral muscle injury in Basra Governorate and at the ages of 20-30. Basra, where the experimental method was used and the sample was selected in a deliberate way, while the methodology tests included tests of range of motion and muscular strength of the knee, while the researcher concluded that there are significant differences between the results of the research tests (pre-post-post) and the application of the method led to the improvement of range of motion and muscle strength. He also recommends the need to emphasize the use of mobile and static exercises within the vocabulary of the rehabilitation curriculum
The effect of special exercises according to the work done using the Foot Scan to develop the energy transfer indicator and the accuracy of aiming from the angle area of the hand roller
Shooting in handball is one of the most important basic skills, as hitting the goal is the final result of the team's effort and the decisive factor in determining the result of the match as the boundary between victory and defeat, and shooting from the corner area is one of the most difficult types of shooting in handball, as it requires high skill, due to the narrowness of the shooting angle and the proximity of the scoring area to the field line, as well as the presence of the opposing player and the goalkeeper of the opposing team, which makes accuracy the decisive factor in the success of the shooting, and it is certain that The success of the player in performing the basic offensive skills, including the accuracy of shooting, does not depend only on the development of physical and skill abilities and the design and construction of tests, but also on taking into account the distinctive mechanical aspects of performance, believing that these exercises prepared according to the variable of the work performed, the variable of kinetic energy, and the latent moment of support and push will contribute to addressing weaknesses and trying to improve and develop performance. The researchers noticed through their interest and follow-up of the game of handball as well as their specialization in biomechanics that there is a weakness in the accuracy of shooting from the corner area and the lack of exploitation of the transfer of energy through the correct motor path of performance as well as the lack of interest in this center despite the fact that it is considered one of the very important centers in the game of handball and that the goal of the research is to prepare special exercises according to the work done using the platform to measure strength To develop the index of shooting accuracy from the corner area and the energy transfer index of the corner players of the advanced clubs of Diyala and Karkh in handball. As for the research impose, there are statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests between the biomechanical variable of the completed work and the energy transfer index and the accuracy of shooting among the players of the Zawiya area of the Diyala and Karkh clubs who are advanced in handball.
The Effectiveness of Teaching Based on the Deniz Model According to Mental Skills Exercises in Enhancing Planning Intelligence and Learning the Skill of Dribbling and Deception in Football for Students
This research aims to find out the effectiveness of teaching based on the Deniz model according to mental skill exercises in enhancing planning intelligence and learning the skill of dribbling and deception in football for students. The researcher has imposed statistically significant differences between the results of the pre- and post-tests of the experimental and control groups and in favor of the experimental group in the variables of strategic intelligence and learning the skill of dribbling and deception, and to achieve the goals and test of the research impose, the researcher used the experimental method by designing the two equal groups with pre- and post-measurement, and the researcher identified the The research represented by the students of the fourth stage at the College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences – University of Al-Qadisiyah for the academic year (2024-2025), which are (150) students distributed over five study divisions (A, B, C, D, and E), and the researcher selected the sample by simple random method, which are the two divisions (C and E), where the number of its members reached (47) students from which he chose the (C) division) to represent the experimental group, which consisted of (15) students, and the division (E) for the control group, which consisted of (15) students, and the researcher concluded that the application of the Deniz model accompanied by mental skill exercises had a clear positive effect on improving planning intelligence and learning the skill of dribbling and deception in football students. The researcher recommends the need to adopt this model within the preparation and teaching programs for football courses because of its high educational, intellectual and tactical effectiveness.
The use of the Polar H9 device was affected in the development of physical endurance of the players of the second Karkh Futsal Football Team
Football is one of the most important team sports that is practiced at different age levels by women and men, young and old. The physical development of this sport depends on sports training and modern technology that has contributed significantly to the development of the sports field in general. Outstanding performance in football requires precise and fast physical abilities that are commensurate with the competitiveness of the game. Physical endurance is one of the essential elements of football, which requires its improvement through advanced training programs. This research aims to develop physical endurance in the players of the second Karkh futsal team using the Polar H9 device, through the application of scientific training programs to improve their performance. The importance of the research lies in the development of competitive exercises through training and the development of training strategies based on scientific data. The research indicates that there is a weakness in the endurance of the players, which necessitates the use of the Polar H9 device to analyze and develop the level of endurance. Competitive exercises based on scientific analysis show a positive impact on the development of endurance in athletes, underscoring the importance of using technology in sports training to improve endurance and tailor exercises to suit their individual needs.
The Effect of Tabata Style Exercises on the Development of Some Motor Abilities and Functional Indicators in Young Boxers
The importance of the research can be achieved through the preparation of special exercises in the (Tabata) method, as the researchers believe that it will have an effect on motor abilities and functional indicators, as this training method improves the player's ability functionally and motorally, so the researchers wanted to go through this experiment, as for the research problem, the researchers noted that there is a noticeable decrease in the level of motor abilities and that the continuation of the match for long periods contributes significantly to that decline. This, in turn, leads to a slowness in moving to take the right place during the performance of these skills, thus negatively reflecting on the team and losing many crucial points of the match, as for the purpose of the research, the research aims to identify the effect of special exercises in the Tabata style on the development of some motor abilities and functional indicators in young boxing players, as for the research methodology, the researchers used the experimental method because it fits with the nature of the research problem. They also chose to design the method of the two equal groups (experimental and control) with the pre- and post-tests. As for the research population and sample, the research population was determined by the deliberate method, which are the (16) players of Dhi Qar Club in Dhi Qar Governorate, who are (16) players registered in the Iraqi Federation for the sports season 2024-2025, and the research sample was selected by simple random method (lottery), which is (12) players, as it was dividedinto equally for two groups (experimental and control) by simple random method (lottery). The most important conclusions were that the continuous training of special exercises applied in the (Tabata) method led to the development of some motor abilities and functional indicators. The most important recommendations were that the researchers recommended paying attention to the use of special exercises in the (Tabata) method according to scientific training foundations to raise the efficiency of anaerobic boxing players during matches and competitions.
The Effect of a Proposed STEAM Instructional Design on Learning Some Basic Skills in Artistic Gymnastics Preparation
The present research aimed to propose an educational design according to the STEAM approach in learning some basic skills in artistic gymnastics and to show the importance of the effect of the proposed educational program.The research problem was addressed by the researchers, through their field experience, that learners suffer from weakness in learning artistic gymnastics skills because they need special requirements and do not have enough experience, as well as the differences in the age of learners, they need to diversify their teaching methods, find educational alternatives, use modern technologies, as well as pay attention to the factor of individual differences. The research sample included the players of the junior gymnastics team aged (11-13) years, who numbered (14) players. They were divided into two experimental groups and a control group of (7) players, and the experimental method was used, and the researchers applied the proposed instructional design according to the STEAM approach in learning some basic skills in artistic gymnastics on the experimental group, and through the results, the researchers concluded that the proposed instructional design has a positive effect with statistical significance In learning some basic skills in artistic gymnastics, the researchers recommended the need to emphasize the dissemination of the results of the current research in order to benefit from it in the preparation of educational programs and other events.
Using some training methods to help improve some functional variables for tennis players
The study aimed to identify the effect of some training aids in the development of some functional variables of tennis players, the researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the problem, and the research sample was (12) players from the advanced players in a deliberate manner, and the researcher used several methods, tools and tests, the most important of which was the use of the continuous training method, using some appropriate training methods to improve the adequacy of the respiratory system and important variables. After conducting the tests and obtaining the results, they were treated statistically, and in response to this, the researcher reached several conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which were: - There is a clear effect of the proposed tools in improving the functional efficiency of the circulatory and respiratory systems, andthe study showed a noticeable effect of the auxiliary tools in improving the functional variables, andthe recommendations were the most important of them: - The use of these tools on the court to gain time in the training of the players of tennis. Adopting other training methods with the proposed method for better development of the circulatory and respiratory systems.