University of Thi-Qar Journal for Sciences of Physical Education
The University of Thi-Qar Journal for Sciences of Physical Education (UTJSPE) is a scholarly, Published by University of Thi-Qar / College of Sciences of Physical Education, it is open-access journal, and all content is made freely available to readers upon publication. An anonymous peer review system is used to ensure quality publication. The journal publishes an issue every month of the year and publishes original articles in the fields of sports science. The University of Thi-Qar Journal of Physical Education Sciences is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY) license. We use Turnitin to prevent plagiarism and ensure the originality of the articles submitted to us.
The Effect of Exercises (Educational - Corrective) According to Some Biokinematic Indicators and the Accuracy of Motor Performance of the Shooting Skill of High Jumping Handball for Juniors
Kinetic analysis is one of the methods of biomechanics that we must invest in learning motor skills in the game of handball, after which it is one of the main pillars on which sports biomechanics is based in the field of scientific research to facilitate the development of learning and corrective programs and solve problems that hinder reaching technical performance, and the research problem was manifested through the researcher's follow-up in the game of handball and motor learning, observe indirectly through kinetic analysis, where the researcher noticed that most of the players resort toto use the parts close to the axes of motion of the body with priority over their use of the distant limbs, without achieving the optimal investment to achieve the appropriate kinetic ranges, which in turn are reflected mechanically on the height of the jump at the moment of pushing, and the torso and arm ranges at the moment of throwing and aiming, and to achieve the highest degrees of strength and speed, and this is one of the mistakes made by the beginner or novice in the technical performance of the skill, as well as The research aims to identify the effect of exercises (learning – corrective) in some biokinematic indicators of the skill of shooting from jumping high with a ball for the research group, and the researcher assumes that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements in some biokinematic indicators of the skill of shooting from jumping high with a handball for the research group, the researcher used the methodology experimental, by designing one experimental group, as for the research sample, where (6) emerging players from the Nasiriyah Sports Club in handball were selected in a deliberate manner in order to implement the study and achieve its goals, and the researcher concluded that the learning-corrective exercises
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The Effect of an Educational Curriculum of the Information Processing Model According to the Error Scale in Learning and Accuracy of the Performance of the Volleyball Barrier Skill for Youth
Due to the special features of the volleyball game that differ from the rest of the games in the style of play, as any mistake may lead to the loss of a point unlike the rest of the team games, and this requires preparing the players well in all skill, physical, technical, and psychological aspects, and these are closely related to the skill performance of the volleyball players. Barrier Wall The volleyball player must possess it with the required level of accuracy, mastery and minimization of errors to reach the best levels, and learning this skill needs time and effort by the coach and the player, so attention must be paid to the use of means and auxiliary tools that contribute to enhancing the learning process in the juniors and are in line with the capabilities and abilities of the players at this stage to accelerate the learning process and correct mistakes in the early stages before it becomes a style that the player is used to in the advanced stages. , and the problem of the research lies Most trainers identify errors in general and do not rely on scientific foundations and modern methods in learning and training, in addition to the fact that the process of diagnosing errors by trainers does not use objectivity in judgment, and error measures are one of the important scientific means in identifying errors clearly and with a kind of accuracy, as well as Lack educational and training module refers to the various educational aids that contribute effectively to the educational and training units, in addition to the skill of Barrier Wall It is a very important skill that needs to be Focus and attention In her learning for her mastery and accuracy, The research aimed to process information and reduce the error rate According to the measures of error in Learn and accurately perform the barrier skill In volleyball for the youth.
The Effectiveness of the Performance Evaluation System Adalat and its Impact on Job Loyalty among Physical Education Teachers in Mosul
The purpose of the research was to identify the effectiveness and fairness of the performance appraisal system for physical education teachers in the city of Mosul, and to identify the level of job loyalty of physical education teachers in the city of Mosul, and to find the value of the relationship between the effectiveness and fairness of the job performance appraisal system and job loyalty of physical education teachers in the city, and the research sample included (96) The researcher used the descriptive method for its suitability and the nature of the research, and the researcher used the scale prepared by (Shaheen, 2010) after conducting some scientific treatments on it, and the researcher used statistical treatments, including Spearman-Brown equation, arithmetic mean, percentage, simple regression coefficient, standard deviation, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression coefficient. The researcher concluded that physical education teachers have a good level of job loyalty. The existence of a weakness in the level of organizational justice by the senior management towards physical education teachers, and recommended the need to achieve organizational justice and equality among physical education teachers, and to increase the material and moral incentives in a way that supports the work of physical education teachers.
The Role of Sport Management Strategies in Enhancing Women's Participation in Fitness Programs in Iraq
The research aims to examine the role of sports management strategies in enhancing women's participation in fitness programs in Iraq. Despite the many benefits offered by sports, women's participation in these programs remains limited due to several factors, most notably social and cultural challenges, lack of sports facilities for women, and economic burdens. Through this research, a descriptive-analytical approach was used to explore these factors and provide practical solutions that contribute to enhancing women's participation in sports activities. The research indicates that there is a need to develop effective sports management strategies, such as providing safe and appropriate sports environments for women, allocating flexible times for sports activities, as well as community awareness about the importance of sport for women. The results of the research also showed that sports management strategies, such as allocating gyms for women and providing awareness programs, have contributed significantly to increasing participation in fitness programs in Baghdad. Furthermore, community support has played an important role in enabling women to overcome on cultural and societal constraints. In conclusion, the research emphasizes the need to improve sports management strategies in specialized fitness centers in order to enhance women's participation in Iraq, which will contribute to enhancing their physical and mental health and improving their quality of life.
The Effect of Snorkel Training on Respiratory Circulatory Adequacy and 100m Freestyle Achievement Level
The aim of this study was to identify the effect of snorkeling on respiratory system adequacy and the level of achievement of 100 meters freestyle among budding swimmers. The experimental method with an experimental design based on both groups (experimental and control) was used to suit the nature of the research. The study sample consisted of (12) emerging swimmers, who were randomly divided into two equal groups: an experimental group (n=6) who underwent training using snorkel, and a control group (n=6) I used the traditional method without snorkeling, and the experiment lasted for 8 weeks with 3 training units per week. The following variables were measured before and after the implementation of the training curriculum: cardiorespiratory endurance using the swimming test (PWC170), maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), maximum exhalation capacity (PEF), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), as well as the completion time of the 100-meter freestyle. The results of the statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-measurements in favor of the experimental group in all variables, which indicates that the use of snorkeling had a positive effect on developing the efficiency of the respiratory circulatory system and improving the time performance of the 100-meter freestyle race, and the study recommends the inclusion of snorkel training within the training curricula directed to emerging swimmers because of its effectiveness in developing physiological indicators, performance and level of achievement .
The Effectiveness of High-Intensity Interactive Training in Developing Muscle Ability and Offensive Performance in Taekwondo Players for Youth
This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of high-intensity interactive training as a specialized training approach in developing two vital aspects among young taekwondo players (14-16 years old), where the research focuses on muscular ability, which includes explosive power, the ability to repeat maximum efforts, and anaerobic endurance, in addition to the specific offensive performance in the sport of taekwondo, such as the speed and effectiveness of blows and kicks, the ability to launch consecutive attacks, and the accuracy of performance under pressure, the research starts from the hypothesis that the nature of interactive training is high Intensity, which is characterized by short and intense work periods followed by short incomplete breaks, mimics the physiological and dynamic requirements of taekwondo matches that require frequent bursts of strength and speed, since the youth group (14-16 years) is characterized by greater physiological maturity and a higher ability to adapt to intense training loads compared to younger age groups, the application of this type of training is expected to lead to remarkable developments in their specific physical abilities, which in turn will reflect positively on their ability to effectively implement offensive techniques Larger and higher durability during competitions, and the research includes one experimental group that undergoes a high-intensity interactive training program, pre and post measurements of muscular ability and offensive performance will be made using reliable and specific tests and measures for the sport of taekwondo, in order to evaluate the changes that occur after the implementation of the training program, as for the most important expected conclusions, a remarkable development in muscular ability and also a positive development in offensive performance, training efficiency: The research will show that high-intensity interactive training is considered an effective and time-efficient training method, which allows to achieve important training gains in a relatively short period of time, and the most important recommendations are the adoption of high-intensity interactive training: it is recommended to integrate scientifically designed interactive training programs into the training plans for young taekwondo players, to enhance their qualitative physical abilities and offensive performance.
Studying the Challenges of Establishing Scout Camps for the Advanced Scouting Stage in the General Directorates of Education in Iraq
The importance of the research was manifested through the development of an analytical study to identify the most important challenges of establishing scout camps for the advanced scout stage in the General Directorates of Education in Iraq, as there are several factors that led to many challenges in the establishment of these camps, and the most important challenges facing these activities are administrative, material and social, and the study necessitated building a scale to solve the research problem, and the researcher used the descriptive method in the style The survey was conducted on the application sample of (82) forms representing the responses of the sample, as the research sample was selected by random method and a questionnaire form was designed containing (3) areas and containing (24) phrases that included many aspects of administrative, material and social challenges, and after distributing the questionnaire and collecting the results, the researcher reached the following conclusions: The challenges facing the establishment of scout camps are at a high level, and the financial challenges facing the establishment of scout camps are greater than expected and are at a high level.
The Effect of an Educational Program According to the Task Analysis Strategy on Attention Concentration and Some Scouting Skills for Students
Research Summary The research aims to study the effect of an educational program according to the mission analysis strategy in focusing attention and some scouting skills in students, the research used the experimental method, where an educational program was designed according to the mission analysis strategy and applied to a sample of participants, the research community represented the students of the first stage for the academic year 2024-2025, which amounted to (760) students, the experimental research sample was selected by random lottery method, and the number of (20) students, and (20) students representing the group were selected The control group was selected in the same way, and (10) students representing the survey sample were selected, and after applying the educational program and obtaining the results and processing them statistically, the research concluded that the educational program designed according to the mission analysis strategy has a positive effect on improving the attention concentration and developing the scouting skills of the participants.
A Comparative Study on the Level of Troponin Enzyme and Some Motor Abilities of Young and Advanced Basketball Players
The study aimed to identify the level of troponin enzyme and the level of some motor abilities of the research sample, as well as to compare between young and advanced players in the level of troponin enzyme and some motor abilities. While the research problem came through the researchers' knowledge of the sport of basketball and the importance of motor abilities, which is one of the important abilities in this sport as a result of the difficulty of its skills and its reliance on a set of motor abilities. It is known that the practice of sports training leads to physiological changes that include almost all internal systems of the body, and that the process of physiological adaptation and the response of the body's systems to perform physical load is carried out through a group of systems and organs in the body, the most important of which are enzymes and enzymatic action. The most prominent changes and functional responses of tissues that accompany physical activity can be identified in direct and indirect ways through the presence of changes in some of these enzymes. Due to the importance of the enzyme troponin and its role in contraction and diastole, the problem lies in knowing the extent to which the level of this enzyme changes and some of the motor abilities of young and advanced basketball players.The researchers also concluded that all the values of functional indicators are within the normal limits. There are differences in troponin levels and motor abilities in favor of advanced players
Anaerobic endurance training in the method of high-intensity alvetric training and its effect on some physiological and physical variables and the achievement of the 200 m sprint for young people
The physical and physiological preparation of all body systems is of great importance in reaching the best sports achievements, as the numbers recorded by many and many world champions are a kind of fantasy after the progress that has occurred in the sciences related to the sports field, especially the science of sports training and the philosophy of training. Research Problem: The (200m) event is considered one of the short events that depends on the quality of anaerobic endurance to increase the efficiency of the anaerobic ability of the runner, as the improvement of anaerobic ability improves the work of the heart. Search to find out: The Effect of Using Anaerobic Exercises in the High Intensity Interval Training Method on the Achievement of the 200m Sprint There are significant differences in the achievement of (200 m) sprint between the pre- and post-tests and in favor of the post-test Research Areas :- Human field: For the players of Al-Qurna Club for the sports season 2024/2025 and who are registered in the Iraqi Central Athletics Federation for the youth category. Research Methodology: The researcher used the experimental method to suit the nature of the research Conclusions and Recommendations: Conclusions:- The drills had the most obvious effect on the experimental group under research in the achievement of the 200 m sprint. Recommendations:- Athletics coaches can use the high-intensity interval training method instead of to develop the speed trait of 200 m runners and for all age groups.
The Effect of RONDO Training for the Development of Neuromuscular Compatibility and Scoring in Junior Football
The research aims to prepare exercises (in the style of rondo training to develop neuromuscular compatibility and scoring in junior football, and to find out the effect of the rondo training method on the development of neuromuscular compatibility and scoring in juniors for the research sample. To achieve the goal, the researcher used the experimental method with the pre- and post-test to fit it with the research problem, that the research population was Baghdad clubs for the junior category, which are (16) clubs, while the research sample was selected by the deliberate method, which is the electricity sports club in the junior category, which is (24) players, and (4) were excluded. Random players in order to conduct exploratory experiments on them, so that the number of members of the research sample on whom the main experiment will be carried out will be (20) players, representing (6.25%) of the research population. The researcher conducted the pre- and post-test of the research sample members, and the appropriate statistical treatments were performed, and the researcher concluded that the effectiveness of rondo training contributes to the development of motor speed and accuracy through the development of neuromuscular compatibility in juniors, and that rondo training improved the ability to finish attacks accurately under pressure, as well as the development of neuromuscular compatibility through rondo training directly contributes to raising the efficiency of complex offensive skills such as scoring. The researcher recommends the need to integrate rondo training exercises into training programs during the units of 3-4 weeks to achieve an ideal improvement in compatibility and scoring, and to design rondo drills that focus on quick passes inside the box with the implementation of scoring immediately after receiving (offensive rondo), as well as standardizing rondo training as an essential part in the development of the junior category, and conducting additional studies to measure the impact of rondo training on other variables such as tactical decision making or special endurance, as well as conducting similar studies on age groups different and compare results.
The Effect of ( CROSSFIT ) Training on Some Biochemical Variables and Physical Abilities of Refinery Club Players (24-28) Years
The study aimed to find out the extent of the effect of (CROSSFIT) training on some biochemical variables and physical abilities of football players, as CROSSFIT training is one of the modern and important training methods because of the characteristics of these trainings, which have become the attention of many athletes, due to the reliance of these exercises on all elements of physical fitness, as the research problem crystallized in the weakness of the physical aspect of the players of the Refinery Club and the lack of scientific studies on these trainings, which is seen The researcher said that through the results of this study, some scientific assistance can be provided to officials in the field of physical fitness, the physiology of sports training in general, and (CROSSFIT) training in particular. The researcher's study contained theoretical and similar studies related to the research topic, and the researcher adopted the experimental method with one group as it is the most suitable method for the nature of the research, and the research sample was the players of Al-Masafi Football Club in Baghdad Governorate, as the study was conducted on a sample of (16) players who were selected by the deliberate method, and the results of the statistical analysis showed using the statistical package for social sciences ( SPSS ). There were statistically significant differences at the level of ( sig ) < (0.05) between the two tests (pre-post) of the experimental group members.
Building the Scale of Legal and Theoretical Knowledge for Beach Volleyball Referees
Beach volleyball is one of the modern team sports that has witnessed a wide development and spread at the local and international levels, as it represents a combination of high physical skill and playing in a natural environment characterized by challenge and flexibility. With the development of this game, there is an urgent need to develop all its aspects, the most prominent of which is the legal aspect (refereeing), which is a decisive factor in controlling the flow of matches and achieving competitive fairness. The referee is an essential element of any match, as he is responsible for applying the rules and regulatory standards with accuracy and impartiality. It is important for referees to have a high level of legal and theoretical knowledge of the game, ensuring that they are able to make the right decisions at the right time. However, the reality indicates that there are disparities in the level of this knowledge among referees, which may negatively affect the quality of refereeing performance.
Instruction in Physical Activity and The Perspectives of Physical Education Teachers in Ramadi Regarding the Most Effective Teaching Methods
Teacher effectiveness (TE) is described as a collection of tactics used by the educator to facilitate the multifaceted growth of pupils. The efficacy has often been assessed by students, department heads, or parents, rather than by one of the essential components of the educational process, the teacher. This research aims to analyse the self-evaluated teaching efficiency of Physical Education (PE) instructors in the Diwaniyah Governorate, examining variations based on the teacher's gender and the location of the institution. Marked disparities were seen in the scores of both the questions and the dimensions of the questionnaire, concerning characteristics such as gender and the location of the centre. We identified concerning metrics related to technology utilisation and the assessment of educators and learners; hence, these results should prompt the initiation of new strategies aimed at enhancing pedagogical efficacy based on the educational setting. This study serves as a first step in analysing the perspectives and requirements of the teaching profession from the perspective of a physical education teacher in Diwaniyah Governorate.
The Effect of Sci-Fi Training (S.A.Q.) with Intensive High-Intensity Training Method on Improving the Defensive Planning Performance of Junior Football Players
The research aims to improve the defensive planning performance of football juniors using sci-fi training (S.A.Q.) in the method of high-intensity intensive training for football juniors under (17) years old, and the researcher used the experimental method, and the research sample included (32) football juniors. The most important conclusions were that the training program using the S A Q training method in the method of intensive high-intensity training has a statistically significant positive effect at the level of (0.05) on the level of defensive planning performance of soccer juniors under (17) years, and also the usual training program has a statistically significant positive effect on the level of defensive planning performance under study for soccer juniors under (17) years.
The Effect of Physical-Skill Training for the Development of Some Biomechanical Variables for Posture Outputs The latent and precision of the smashing serving skill of volleyball players
The purpose of the research is to identify the proposed exercises using different exercises, and to identify the effect of the proposed exercises to develop some biomechanical variables and their impact on the development of the accuracy of the crushing sending skill in volleyball for the applicants, and the researcher imposed significant statistical differences in some biomechanical variables, and the accuracy of the crushing sending skill, and the researcher used the experimental method on a sample of (24) Players representing the total research community The research was applied to a sample of (15) players from the Army and Police Sports Club, and the pre- and post-tests were conducted, and the researcher concluded the need to pay attention to the skill and physical performance of all skills and pay attention to biomechanical variables to reach the highest levels.
Using the Programmed Learning Method in Learning the Technical Performance of the Long Jump Effectiveness among First Stage Students
College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences / University of Baghdad The long jump is one of the events of the arena and field games in which the artistic performance plays a prominent and distinctive role, and as is known, this event consists of several different movements in a row and linked to each other in order so that through its performance, the achievement of this event is achieved, except that the result is achieved at the farthest horizontal distance, and these movements are the approximate running, getting up and up, flying, and landing, and the teacher must follow up the students and correct their mistakes, and all this is not done randomly, but relying on Modern devices and machines used in kinetic analysis to determine good performance. Due to the effective role of modern teaching methods in bringing about the learning process during the lessons of the arena and field in general, and through their use in learning the effectiveness of the long jump in particular, this role will contribute to the education process more effectively, in addition to correcting the incorrect movements of this event, as teaching is still limited to the method of the command, as it is done under the clear control of the teacher, which observed the weakness of teaching the technical stages of this event, and from this point of view, in this study, the method was used. Programmed education in learning the technical performance of the long jump effectiveness among female students of the first stage. In light of the above, the importance of conducting this research contributes to encouraging physical education teachers to use modern teaching methods and increasing their awareness of the importance of using them, as the research aimed to know the use of the two methods of programmed and followed (command) education in learning the technical performance of the effectiveness of the long jump among female students of the first stage, and the research assumed that there are statistically significant differences between the pre- and post-tests of the two groups as well as between the post-tests of the two groups in learning the technical performance of the effectiveness It was concluded that the educational curriculum in the programmed method contributed to the development of the technical performance of the event as well as more effective than the command method used.
Comparative analysis of fitness tests using field measurement For first, second, and third grade students Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
This research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the level of physical fitness elements (muscular strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, agility, balance, and compatibility) among first, second, and third grade female students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences – Diyala University, using standardized field tests, in order to reveal the extent of physical development related to academic progress and training experience. The objectives of the research were determined to: identify the level of physical fitness elements of female students at each stage, conduct a statistical comparison between the stages, and reveal significant differences between them. The researcher followed the descriptive method by comparison method, and the research sample reached (132) female students distributed over the three academic stages. A set of scientifically validated field tests has been applied to evaluate the items under study. The results revealed a significant superiority of female students in most of the elements of physical fitness compared to their female colleagues in the first and second stages, while there were no statistically significant differences among female students in some elements, especially agility, endurance, and compatibility. This disparity is due to the accumulation of training experience and extensive exposure to practical courses at the advanced stages. The study concluded that it is necessary to prepare specialized and intensive training programs for first-stage students, and to work on integrating modern training such as HIIT and Tabata into the practical curricula, as they have a positive impact on improving endurance and agility. It also recommended enhancing interaction and exchange of experiences between female students at various stages, and conducting extensive future studies to analyze the differences more accurately and in-depth.
Psychological Hesitation and its Relationship with the Performance of the Jumping Skill on the Jumping Platform Device among Female Students of the Second Stage at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences / University of Diyala
The current study aims to identify psychological frequency in psychology, as psychological frequency is "a psychological trait that the athlete experiences at certain times and not others" and its relationship with the performance of the jumping skill in the opening of female students on one of the gymnastics devices, which is the jumping platform device, which is (135) cm high in women, and the problem of the current research was through the students' hesitation to perform the jumping skill open on the jumping platform device, and the frequency comes through the opening of the legs, as this generates fear, anxiety, and hesitation in them psychologically and physically. The research aimed to identify the effect of psychological frequency on female students during the process of learning the skill of jumping open on the jumping platform device, and the sample was represented by the students of the second stage at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Diyala University, and the researcher used the descriptive method to suit the research problem, the research population consisted of (100) female students of the second stage, and the survey experiment was conducted with (15) female students, and the main experiment was conducted with (70) female students, and (15) students were excluded for their lack of commitment to permanence, and after the researcher was informed of many From the scales for measuring psychological frequency, she relied on the scale (Rasha Mesameh, 2024) and applied it to the sample, the researcher concluded that there is a high psychological frequency in female students when performing the skill of jumping open on the jumping platform device, and the researcher recommended that there should be psychological preparation and support for female students and trying to find solutions to any psychological problem they go through by the teaching staff.
Psychological Support and its Relationship with Female Students' Performance in Some Health-Related Physical Fitness Elements at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences
This research aims to study the relationship between psychological support and some elements of health-related physical fitness among female students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, using the descriptive approach in the method of relational relationships, on a sample of (70) female students. Physical fitness elements (flexibility, muscle strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, and body mass index) were measured along with the psychological support scale.The results showed a significant correlation between psychological support and flexibility, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory endurance, while no significant relationship was shown with muscular endurance and body mass index, suggesting that some elements of fitness are more affected by psychological support than others.The researcher recommends integrating psychological support into the training programs for female students, and qualifying the teaching staff to deal psychologically with female students, because psychological support plays an effective role in improving physical performance and promoting public health.
he quality of the supportive environment in clubs and its impact on coaches' motivation towards developing training plans to improve sports performance in the game of tennis football
The research aimed to identify the characteristics of the sports environment in tennis football clubs in Iraq, and to determine the level of quality of support provided to their members (players, coaches, administrators), and to identify the level of motivation of the coaches of tennis football clubs in Iraq towards developing their training plans aimed at improving sports performance, as well as to identify the nature of the relationship and the impact of the quality of the supportive environment in tennis clubs. The researcher relied on the descriptive approach in this research using both survey methods and relational relationships, and the researcher identified the research population of (174) players of football tennis clubs in Iraq distributed over (32) clubs, and the main research sample included all members of the research community, and the sample of the survey application included (10) players, while a sample of The preparation consisted of (98) players, while the application sample included (66) players, and in order to collect the data required for this research, the researcher prepared two questionnaires, the first to measure the level of supportive environmental quality in football tennis clubs, and the second to measure the level of motivation of coaches to develop training plans in them, and after applying the two questionnaires and extracting the results, the researcher concluded a set of conclusions, the most important of which are: - The average result of the Supportive Environmental Quality Survey is that the current environment of football clubs does not provide adequate support for coaches and players, which negatively affects the quality of training, performance, and affiliation, and that the result indicates structural and administrative challenges that prevent the full potential of these clubs. - The average score of the Coaches' Motivation Survey in football clubs indicates that coaches have a moderate motivation for development, which is due to factors such as lack of up-to-date knowledge, poor feedback, and limited opportunities to share experiences and use technology, which limits their ability to develop comprehensive and effective training plans. - The quality of the supportive environment provided by tennis football clubs directly and positively affects the motivation of coaches to develop their training plans, which means that improving this environment is necessary to enhance the motivation of coaches and thus improve the level of training.
Physical Education Teachers and Their Role in Selecting Young Sports Talents in Football in Middle Schools in the Directorate of Education
This study aimed to identify the role of the physical education professor in the early detection of football talents in middle schools in the Directorate of Education of Wasit Governorate, the study sample consisted of (79) physical education teachers, and the researcher used the descriptive survey method, and the questionnaire was used for the sample of professors, the research From four axes, each axis contains a set of questions, as for the statistical methods, the researcher used (descriptive statistics represented by arithmetic medians, standard deviations, relative importance, tabular value of each paragraph, and order of importance) to analyze the results in all questions after calculating the repetitions of each, the study assumed that there are statistically significant differences in the ability of physical education teachers to select football talents in middle schools in the Directorate of Education of Wasit Governorate according to the two variables (experience and qualification). Scientific Report). The study concluded that the professional experience of the professor has a role in the process of selecting sports talents in football, and this is what leads us to believe that our hypothesis is realized. The study recommended providing the material and human resources to carry out the process of discovering talents from (12-15 years).
Social cohesion among the members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs in Dhi Qar Governorate from the point of view of coaches
The task of the members of the administrative bodies in sports clubs is not an easy task and it is not a random process, but it is a process that has been arranged according to an organized basis according to fixed rules to achieve the goals through the policies used and future sports plans and linking them with the good management of the members of the administrative staff, and this is done through the use of all modern methods, methods and means to ensure the success of the administrative process used by the members of the administrative staff during the sports work.The importance of the research lies in obtaining codified measurement tools to benefit from them in measuring the social cohesion of the members of the administrative bodies and placing them in front of trainers and specialists to work in them as tools to develop and improve the performance of employees. The researcher decided to research the construction and application of the social cohesion scale, extracting the standards and levels, taking into account scientific methods in building the scale, and then using it as a major step to prepare them and raise them to the best levels and face the psychological pressures they are exposed to to detect these variables during their work. From this emerged the research problem, which is the necessity of studying these variables scientifically to find an accurate measure of social cohesion variable. In Dhi Qar Governorate, and identifying the level of social cohesion among the members of the administrative bodies from the point of view of the coaches of sports clubs in Dhi Qar Governorate, and determining the standard levels of the variable of social cohesion among the members of the administrative bodies from the point of view of the coaches of sports clubs in Dhi Qar Governorate for the season 2024-2025. In his study, the researcher adopted the descriptive method in the survey method to suit the nature of the problem and achieve the research objectives. The research population reached (224) coaches the researcher is that the social cohesion scale prepared by the researcher is a tool for evaluating the members of the administrative bodies of sports clubs from the point of view of coaches in Dhi Qar Governorate.
Self-efficacy and its relationship with the performance of handball and shooting skills among young handball players
The research objective was to identify self-efficacy and its relationship withperformance with the skills of tapping and shooting in handball, and the descriptive approach was used as it is the most appropriate approach to address the research problem, and the research sample was selected by the deliberate method, which are the young players of Al-Karkh Sports Club, which are (18) players, as the percentage of the research sample reached 100% of the original population, and the researchers concluded that the results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between self-efficacy and the performance of the knocking skill among the players Young handball, which indicates that the high level of self-efficacy contributes to improving control and control during motor performance under pressure, and there is a moral correlation between self-efficacy and shooting skill, which means that the player who possesses a positive self-image is more able to make the appropriate decision and carry out the shooting accurately in realistic play situations. Self-efficacy is an important psychological indicator in assessing the psychological readiness of the player, and it contributes effectively to enhancing self-confidence, regulating emotions, and reducing anxiety during competition, and researchers recommend the need to include psychological training programs aimed at enhancing self-efficacy within the training plans of young players, as it has a direct impact on improving skill performance, and encouraging coaches to use methods to enhance self-confidence and positive feedback to strengthen the player's sense of ability to achieve and succeed in performing difficult skills, and to prepare periodic psychological tests to measure the level of self-efficacy in players, and to follow up on their development in parallel with skill and physical training.
Design and codification of a test to measure the elasticity of a moving trunk using The bone doll is (13-15) years old.
The importance of the research was manifested in the role and importance of flexibility in the game of wrestling, which requires it to be measured continuously and using the most accurate tests and the reality of the game, because building and correcting the level of progress of wrestling is done according to the most accurate tests. The problem of the research was: to build a test that measures the level of flexibility of the moving torso of wrestlers and follow up on its development in training and in an atmosphere similar to the atmosphere of competition, and due to the lack of specialized testing for this ability in the game of wrestling and the lack of the use of training methods similar to the opponent, so the researcher thought The use of the bone puppet as a competitor to build a test of the flexibility of the moving torso for wrestlers. The objectives of the research were: 1- Designing and codifying a test to measure the flexibility of the moving trunk using a bone puppet (13-15) years old. Finding levels and criteria to evaluate the flexibility of the moving trunk using a bone puppet (13-15 years old). Accordingly, the conclusions were made: that the test designed by the researcher is able to detect the level of flexibility of the moving torso at the age of (13-15) years. It was recommended that the current test be adopted as a means of detecting the level of flexibility of the movable trunk in freestyle wrestling at the age of (13-15) years.
The Effect of Strength Training with Neurostimulation on Explosive Power and Digital Achievement of Olympic Lifts for Young Weightlifters
The purpose of the research was to identify (the effect of strength training with neural activation with electrical stimulation, explosive power and digital achievement with the lifting of the kidnapping for the young quartet of Babylon governorate) The researchers used the experimental method in the method of equivalent groups to suit it to solve the research problem, and the researcher determinedthat a research community with a group of four quartets of Babylon governorate, the youth category, which numbered (12) clubs for the 2020-2021 season, divided into two groups of (6 breeders) each. Homogeneity and parity between the sample members were conducted in the variables ((explosive ability of the legs and arms, the numerical achievement of the lifting of the snatch and the net, and the differences were not statistically significant, then the experiment was conducted on Thursday (9/11/2023), while the pre-tests were conducted after that to apply strength training with nerve stimulation accompanied by electrical stimulation (15) Training unit for 5 weeks (3 units) per week with the time of the training unit with a capacity of 90 minutes for each training unit including 10 15 electrical stimulation interspersed with rest periods After the completion of the post-tests, the data were collected and analyzed statistically to reach the following conclusions: 1. Strength training with neurostimulation with electrical stimulation has shown a significant effect in the development of the explosive capacity of the muscles of the arms and legs. 2. The weightlifters in the experimental group made a clear progress in the numerical achievement of the snatch and netter lifts compared to the control group. 4. Integration strengths training and electrical nerve stimulation enhance the efficiency of the neuromuscular system, leading to an improvement in qualitative athletic performance. Based on this, the study recommends: - Integrating these trainings periodically into the annual training plan, especially in the public and private preparation stages. - Taking into account individual differences when using EMS, by adjusting the intensity and repetitions according to the situation of each player.
Building a Confirmation Biased Scale for Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences in Volleyball
The purpose of the research to: Construct and codify the Confirmation Bias Scale for the Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at Al-Mustansiriya University. The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey method, and the current research population is determined by the students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences / Al-Mustansiriya University, who are (123) students, and the research sample was selected by the deliberate method. Conclusions: The ability of the Confirmation Bias Scale to diagnose students with confirmation bias. The clarity of the problem lies in the number of biased people for what they think is appropriate for them, the appearance of a lack of a number of concepts among students, and work must be done to find a solution to this problem. The recommendations were: Working on the Confirmation Bias Scale among the Students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. Interest by professors in understanding students' tendencies and their educational bias to develop appropriate teaching methods for them. Understand the nearby alternatives to modern learning methods and strategies and develop more appropriate curricula for students
The Effect of Explosive Strength Exercises for the Leg Muscles on Developing the Accuracy of Set-Piece Shooting Skill in Football Players
The study includes an introduction highlighting the significant development in scientific research, which is considered one of the most prominent features of the modern era across various fields of life. Since football requires numerous physical attributes and technical skills that directly affect players’ performance on the field, one of the most important of these skills is the accuracy of shooting from set-pieces, which can significantly determine the outcome of a match.Successful execution of such shots primarily depends on the level of muscular strength. Therefore, the importance of this study lies in examining the impact of explosive strength exercises on the accuracy of set-piece shooting among the research sample in football. The research problem is defined as follows: Do explosive strength exercises for the leg muscles contribute to the development and improvement of shooting accuracy from set-pieces in football?: - Designing proposed explosive strength exercises to develop the accuracy of set-piece shooting in football. - Identifying the differences between the experimental and control groups in the post-tests of both explosive strength and shooting accuracy from set-pieces among the research sample. The study employed a true experimental design involving pre- and post-tests for both experimental and control groups. Each group consisted of five players. A set of relevant tests was applied during the main experiment, and the statistical analysis was. The researchers presented and discussed the results of the pre- and post-tests for both the control and experimental groups across the study variables. Furthermore, they analyzed the post-post comparisons between the two groups. These results ultimately led to a set of conclusions and recommendations derived from the findings of the study.
The Competence of Professional Behavior as a Determinant of the Effectiveness of the Football Referees of the Iraqi Professional League in Southern Iraq
The success of the game of football depends on all elements, including the players and the referees, and the great role played by the referee has a special and distinct importance in the process of organizing and controlling the course of any match, regardless of its identity. The ruling in an era of sport was nothing but a symbol of justice, carrying an obelisk of a clearly defined and dimensioned law and framed by controls and legislation that made it the judicial authority, which has the decisive word inside the green rectangle. Since the game depends on the immediate and quick decisions made by the referee and his assistants, it is necessary to work on this aspect, whether it is in development and raising levels or in the aspect of measurement through their leadership of the matches to achieve success. It has become inevitable that every referee must perform his real duties using his own abilities, and the referee is always interacting inside the stadium with the events of the match and requires him to know its nature in order to be able to adapt to it and invest it to achieve justice by giving him the right decisions and the accuracy of his follow-up with the assistant referees, and he must be aware of all these things in order to be able to influence and control them physically, i.e. having a physical level that qualifies him to follow the course of the match with all its variables.
Psychological integration and its relationship with the accuracy of shooting from the wing position of the handball players of Kufa Club
Handball is one of the widely practiced sports and occupies a good position because it is a fun game and contains defensive and offensive skills that players must learn and master greatly in matches, and psychological integration is one of the important topics that negatively or positively affect the level of game development and achieving the best achievements and results, as it receives increasing attention among psychologists in general because of its great importance in achieving proper psychological development, whose positive effects are represented in the integration of people It is also one of the important and basic concepts related to the human personality , his mental health, and his adaptive relationship with the social environment, as human beings differ in terms of their physical and mental abilities and personal capabilities in various fields, as well as psychological integration includes the ability of a person to change his behavior and habits when he faces a problem or It is a basic criterion for mental health and an important pillar inthe formation of the individual's personality that helps him to face obstaclesand facilitates the performance of the required skills during learning. Whereas, psychological integration Key Factors Influencing in The direct level of player performance, The player's lack of enjoyment will negatively affect his performance. ، The researcher went through this experience, especially after noticing the weakness of the players of Kufa Club for the applicants in this regard, which makes them They face psychological stress Great during the matches, This is what made the researcher Fighting this The problem is to find ways to address it by finding the relationship between psychological integration and the accuracy of aiming from Pavilion Center For the players of Kufa Sports Club The researcher used the descriptive method to suit the nature of the problem and applied the research to the players of Kufa Sports Club for applicants, and after presenting the psychological integration form to experts in the field of psychology, data analysis and extracting results, the researcher reached some conclusions, including, The value of psychological integration was average among the players of Kufa Handball Club , Van There's a connection Link Significance between psychological integration and accuracy of aiming from Pavilion for Players Handball for Kufa Sports Club.
"Attitudes of Female Students of the College of Education for Girls / Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Towards Blended Education"
The research aims to identify: 1- Attitudes of female students of the College of Education for Girls / Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences towards blended education. 2- Differences in the level of attitudes among female students of the College of Education for Girls / Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences towards blended learning. The researchers used the descriptive method and the survey method, and the research sample was selected by the deliberate comprehensive inventory method, where the research sample included (second, third and fourth stage) students of the College of Education for Girls, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mosul, and the researchers used a questionnaire of attitudes towards blended learning prepared by (Ezzat, 2020), where the questionnaire consists of (34) items distributed over five dimensions (cognitive, educational, social, Emotional, behavioral) and (3, 2, and 1) respectively, and the questionnaire paragraphs were answered according to three alternatives, namely (yes, sometimes, never), and the data were statistically processed using ( percentage, mean arithmetic, standard deviation, alpha coefficient , LSD, and one-way analysis of variance) using the statistical program (SPSS) in Data analysis. The researchers concluded the following: Encouraging teachers to students and raising their awareness of the importance of blended learning in order to develop their positive attitude towards the importance of blended learning in the educational process. 2- Urging professors to research the development of modern teaching methods and methods in order to develop a positive attitude and motivation towards learning. 3- The need to create a learning and motivational environment to increase their positive attitudes towards blended education. Transform the position of the university faculty member from a carrier of knowledge to a mentor and mentor in teaching positions.
(Positive Thinking among Female Students of the Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at the College of Education for Girls / University of Mosul)
1- Identifying the level of positive thinking among the students of the Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. At the Faculty of Education for Girls, University of Mosul. 2- Identifying the differences between the students' responses on the Positive Thinking Scale according to a variable. Academic Year "Second, Third, Fourth" The researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method to suit the type of study and its objectives. Wherein The research sample was selected by the deliberate method, which included three stages (second, third and fourth), which numbered (135) female students, while the research sample consisted of (92) female students, representing (68.14%) of the research community, and the researchers used the positive thinking questionnaire prepared by (Al-Houry / 2019), where the questionnaire consists of (34) paragraphs and the questionnaire paragraphs are answered according to Five alternatives, and the data were statistically processed using SPSS statistical software. The researchers concluded the following: The female students of the Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences at the College of Education for Girls / University of Mosul have a positive level of positive thinking. There are non-significant differences between the students' responses to the Positive Thinking Scale according to the variable of the academic year (second, third, and fourth)
Integrated Education Programs and Their Role in Developing Creativity Competencies Among Students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences
The current research aims to assess the extent of integration within educational programs offered by colleges of physical education and sports sciences, as perceived by faculty members. It also explores the level of creative competencies exhibited by students in these colleges from the faculty's perspective. Furthermore, the research investigates the impact of integrated educational programs on enhancing students' creative capabilities. A descriptive research methodology was employed, incorporating both survey and correlational approaches. The study population consisted of faculty members from the colleges and departments of physical education and sports sciences at the Universities of Mosul and Al-Hamdaniya, encompassing four institutions (colleges and departments) and 296 faculty members. The primary research sample was randomly divided into three subgroups: an exploratory group, a preparation group, and a final application group, comprising 15, 168, and 112 participants, respectively. Data collection involved the development of two structured questionnaires: one focused on the characteristics of integrated education programs, and the other on students' creative competencies. These instruments were validated and administered to the designated samples. The collected data were analyzed using various statistical techniques, including means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation coefficients, the Spearman-Brown prophecy formula, and linear regression analysis. The findings revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between the implementation of integrated education programs and the development of creative competencies among students. The results suggest that such programs play a critical role in enhancing students’ innovative thinking, athletic performance, and overall engagement by fostering a supportive and enriching educational environment, which positively impacts their performance during lessons.