Temporal and angular biomechanical analysis of the ankle joint as a basis for the prevention of external ligament tear injury in soccer players

الملخص

The aim of this research is to study the temporal biomechanical properties and kinetic angles of the ankle joint during high-risk situations in football (jumping and landing, changing direction, and physical contact), in order to identify quantitative indicators associated with the risk of external ligament tear injury.

The researcher used the descriptive-analytical method supported by a field experiment on an intentional sample of (25) players from Samarra Club, aged between (18-30) years, representing various positions. The performance was filmed using a high-resolution digital camera and motion analysis through the Kinovea software  to extract the temporal variables (contact time, stability time) and angular variables (lateral deflection angle, angular velocity).

The results showed that:

• The contact time with the ground is relatively short (0.42 seconds), reflecting the shock absorption efficiency of most players.
• The angle of deflection ranged from (12°–27°), which is an indication of uneven joint control.
• The angular velocity during the change of direction was high (245°/s), which increased the load on the ligaments.
• The stabilization time after the performance ranged from (0.92–2.05 seconds), which is an indication of the players' ability to regain balance.

The research concluded that temporal and angular biomechanical analysis represents an accurate tool for classifying players according to risk levels (low-medium-high), and can form the basis for building preventive programs based on dynamic balance training, peroneal muscle strengthening, and neuromuscular control exercises.